After the Second World War, Germany was divided into four occupation zones. The three western zones united to form the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the eastern zone became the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Berlin was similarly divided into four zones.

Remains of the border fortification at Bernauer Street Memorial
In order to stop the exodus from the GDR to the West, the inner-German border was fortified and equipped with barriers as early as 1952. However, the sector border in Berlin remained as an escape route. This changed on August 13th, 1961, when the construction of the Berlin Wall began, which also cut off this escape route. In June, Walter Ulbricht, Chairman of the State Council of the GDR, still explained: “Nobody intends to build a wall”. Initially, there was in fact no wall, but a system of roadblocks and barbed wire, which was only later expanded into the multi-level barrier system we know later on. The city was also called underground. S-Bahn trains continued to run under the eastern sector, but no longer stopped at the stations there, which were therefore also called ghost stations. Above all, the Wall was intended to prevent the emigration of well-trained skilled workers. This goal was achieved. In 1961, 300 people a day had previously fled the GDR. However, there are also dramatic escape stories about the Wall. One of the most famous is an escape tunnel that connected cellars on both sides of the Wall. When the wall was opened in November 1989, large sections were demolished. Remains of the wall are preserved in a monument close to “Bernauer Straße” in Berlin. An other part of the wall has been turned into an open air art gallery - the famous east side gallery.
